2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you4 getting sick this winter.
In a recent study5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come8 with a cold ,and the researchers9that the stress-reducing effects of hugging10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .
"Hugging protects people who are under stress from the13 risk for colds that's usually14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps15 the feeling that others are there to help16 difficulty."
Some experts17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone"18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it19 in the brain, where it20 mood, behavior and physiology.
1.[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout
【答案】[B] Besides
2.[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior
【答案】[A] connected
3.[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host
【答案】[D] host
4.[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep
【答案】[C] avoid
5.[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting
【答案】[B] involving
6.[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on
【答案】[D] on
7.[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted
【答案】[B] exposed
8.[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out
【答案】[C] down
9.[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined
【答案】[A] calculated
10.[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained
【答案】[D] explained
11.[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus
【答案】[A] Even
12.[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors
【答案】[B] symptoms
13.[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased
【答案】[D] increased
14.[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared
【答案】[B] associated
15.[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record
【答案】[C] generate
16.[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of
【答案】[A] in the face of
17.[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return
【答案】[C] attribute
18.[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until
【答案】[A] because
19.[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases
【答案】[C] remains
20.[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences
【答案】[D]influences
Text 1
First two hours, now three hours — this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.
Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.
Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become — but the lines are obvious.
Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.
There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.
It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.
The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.
21. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to
[A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.
[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.
[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.
[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection.
22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?
[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.
[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.
[C] An increase in the number of travellers.
[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.
23. The word “expedited” (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to
[A] quieter.
[B] cheaper.
[C] wider.
[D] faster.
24. One problem with the PreCheck program is
[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale.
[B] its wrongly-directed implementation.
[C] the government’s reluctance to back it.
[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment.
25. Which of the following would be the best for the text?
[A] Less Screening for More Safety
[B] PreCheck – a Belated Solution
[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines
[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes
答案：21-25 ACDDC
Text 2
“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.
At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.
Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.
Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.
Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.
The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.
26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates
[A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.
[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.
[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.
[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.
27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to
[A] its geographical features.
[B] its protective surroundings.
[C] its religious implications.
[D] its existing infrastructure.
28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because
[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.
[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.
[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.
[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.
29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy
[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.
[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.
[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.
[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.
30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of
[A] severe criticism.
[B] passive acceptance.
[C] slight hesitancy.
[D] full approval.
答案：26-30 DABCC
参考答案
1
—
5 ACBAD 6
—
10 ADCDC 11
—
15 DBBCB
16
—
20 CABAD
21
—
25 CCADC26
—
30 ABBAD31
—
35 CBDCA
36
—
40 CCABD
41
—
45 FEACG
(46)
但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：
在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。
(47)
因此，对于那些认为英语的国际地位无懈可击、甚至觉得他们的
年青后辈们不需要学习其他语言的人而言，
他的分析可能会给他们的骄
傲自大画上一个句号。
(48)
众多国家正在将英语引进小学课程，但是，毫不夸张地说，英国
学童和学生似乎没有受到更多的鼓励去学会流利地使用其他语言。
(49)
大卫·葛拉尔多所发现的变化给教授他国人士英语的英国机构以及
更广阔的教育市场带来了显而易见的巨大挑战。
(50)
这给所有致力于推广英语学习和使用的机构提供了一个制定规划
的依据，让我们能够应对未来完全不同的操作环境里出现的各种可能
性。
Section
Ⅲ
Part A
（范文）
Dear James Cook,
Welcome to China! I'm writing this email to recommend some scenic spots in Beijing
to you so that you can have a wonderful time here.
First of all, you could have a visit to the Summer Palace and Forbidden City, which
are renowned for its old buildings and diverse cultures. After that, it is advisable to go
to
Wang
Fujing,
where
you
can
have
a
taste
of
some
delicious
local
food
while
enjoying the traditional culture. Finally, you can go to the National Museum, in which
some traditional art exhibitions are being held. What do you think of my plans?
I sincerely hope that you could enjoy yourselves in Beijing and it will be my pleasure
to be your guide.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
Part B
（范文一）
Portrayed in the two cartoons is thought-provoking: In the left one, a young man,
comfortably
lounging
on
the
chair,
is
looking
at
his
huge
bookshelf
full
of
books
contentedly, while the other, in the right drawing, is determined to finish reading 20
books in a year.
By
this
scenario,
the
cartoonist
is
trying
to
awaken
us
to
the
importance
of
reading
and
sticking
to
our
goals.
It
is
universally
held
that
with
the
advance
of
modern society, only those equipped with updated knowledge which requires constant
reading
are
most
likely
to
reach
the
summit
of
the
success.
Conversely,
without
persistent learning and taking actions, our objectives are bound to be a fantasy. Indeed,
people
fail
always
because
they
stop
trying,
not
because
they
encounter
invincible
difficulties.
From
what
has
been
mentioned
above,
we
may
reasonably
arrive
at
the
conclusion
that
only
those
who
keep
learning
and
cherish
the
spirit
of
persistence
have opportunities to succeed. Therefore, such essence is an important virtue worthy
of
being
fostered.
If
you
understand
and
adhere
to
this
principle
in
your
study
and
work, you will definitely benefit greatly.
范文二
：左边一副图一个男孩放了好多书，没有读；右边一个男孩正在读书，针对本题，
按照陈正康老师教的方法，三段式构思：
①简要描述
-
一人在空想，一人在行动！
②分析引申义
-
行动的重要性
③观点建议
-
提倡行动
What is clearly presented in the picture is two opposite behaviors. In the first
picture, there are a lot of books besides a boy,
but he doesn
’
t read any book at all.
On
the
contrary,
the
second
boy
is
making
a
plan
of
reading
and
carrying
it
out.
Nothing can be more far-reaching and thought-provoking than this drawing!
Apparently, the implication of the given picture can be interpreted with regard to
the
significance
of
taking
actions.
No
one
can
deny
the
fact
that
taking
actions
is
extremely essential to achieve your goals.
Only by putting your dream into action,
can you really realize it. If you never take actions, you will never have a chance to
win.
Just as an old Chinese saying goes:
‖
The journey of a thousand miles starts with
a
single
step.
‖
The
more
actions
we
take,
the
more
likely
we
are
to
accumulate
experience,
master skills and get close to our destination. To further demonstrate the
importance of taking actions, I would like to take a famous fable as a case in point
：
the
Foolish
Old
Man
who
dreamed
of
removing
the
mountain
in
front
of
his
gate
began with carrying away small stones and finally realized his dream.
Consequently, I believe, on the one hand, our government and the media should
lose no opportunity to publicize the importance of taking actions. On the other hand,
in our daily life,
more than just thinking of something, we have to put it into action.
Only by doing so, can we achieve our objectives and realize our dream.
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标签： #2024年考研英语一答案
